Phenology 7/24-7/28

7/22- Pipsissewa blooming

7/24 – Turkey chicks out

7/25- Monarch went into chrysalis

-Wild lily-of-the-valley fruiting

7/26 – Chanterelle mushrooms are out

                  -Lobster mushrooms are out

                  -Baby wood frogs are out

7/28 - Bunchberry fruiting

-Indian pipe (corpse plant) in bloom

                  -Blue bead is fruiting

All photos by Peter Rebholz

Phenology 8/4 – 8/8

8/4- Trees are changing color

8/6 – Baby spring peepers are out

Photo: Peter Rebholz

8/7- floating leaf pond weed in bloom

8/8- milkweed pods in bloom

A bit about horsetail

by Courtney Davis

Did you know that horsetail (Equisetum arvense) was around when then dinosaurs walked the earth?  

 During the Paleozoic era, about 400 million years ago, horsetail could be found as a large, tree like plant. Today it is found in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and North America as a small plant. It has a hollow steam and the shoots look like asparagus at first. 

Ancient Romans and Greeks used horsetail as an herbal remedy. 

Today studies have suggested the use of horsetail to treat osteoporosis. 

A student holds up a segment of horsetail. It was her favorite plant of the day!

Photo by Courtney Davis

Source:

http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/horsetail

Corpse Found on the Interpretive Trail

One of our favorite plants along the Interpretive Trail showed up this week!  The hard to miss Indian Pipe can be found in several locations on the trail system.  This unique plant may look like a fungus, but is actually a member of the Wintergreen family (Pyrolaceae).  You will find this plant in the dense shade of moist woodlands; it doesn’t need sunlight as it doesn’t produce green chlorophyll.  It is involved in a symbiotic relationship with host plants that it absorbs nutrients from.  Also known as the “corpse plant,” the plant starts out a bright white standing straight up, and as the flowers open it bends down forming a pipe shape- they then turn brown as the plant ages.  Look for this plant and many other late summer blooming flowers all along the trail system at the Discovery Center! 

Photo by Peter Rebholz

It's not a plant, it's an animal!

By: Courtney Davis, Environmental Education Intern

There is never a dull moment in the program office at the North Lakeland Discovery Center. The excitement this morning was over a green animal found by Tim Dobbins while searching through a bucket of plants from Rice Creek.  It looked like algae at first but when I picked it up it didn’t fall apart like most algae would. What could it be? It was a freshwater sponge!

Caption: Tim Dobbins searches through his bucket of plants.

Photo Credit: Courtney Davis

Freshwater sponges are strong and remain intact when picked up and handled.  They will grow on hard substrates like sticks, rocks or plant stems and can be lobed, irregularly shaped or have fingered like projections. Freshwater sponges have very simple bodies made up of many cells but no organs.  Each cell has a very specific role in order to help the organism survive.

Caption: Excited about freshwater sponges!

Photo Credit: Anne Kretschmann

Freshwater sponges can easily be mistaken as a plant.  The greenish color comes from the algae living on the animal. The algae and the sponge have a symbiotic relationship, meaning they both benefit.  The algae get a place to live while the sponge is provided with oxygen and food.  Freshwater sponges are also filter feeders and will obtain food by running water through their bodies.

Caption: A freshwater sponge attached to a small stick.

Photo Credit: Courtney Davis

This animal is important because they are only found in clean bodies of water with high levels of oxygen. This makes freshwater sponges bioindicators. By finding them we know the body of water is healthy. They also are a vital part of the food web and are eaten by ducks, crayfish and many macroinvertebrates including caddisflies, midges, and spongillaflies. 

Caption: A segment of a freshwater sponge.

Photo Credit: Courtney Davis

Overall there are 219 freshwater sponges in the world with only 30 found in North America. In Wisconsin 13 different species have been found.  Freshwater sponges are most common in the summer and the fall. Keep your eye out for this amazing underwater animal next time you’re out and about on a lake, river or stream. They are tons of fun to find!

 -----

Sources:

http://www.umaine.edu/WaterResearch/FieldGuide/inthewater.htm

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/plantid2/descriptions/bryozoan.html

http://www.nps.gov/prwi/naturescience/freshwater-sponge.htm

http://www.xerces.org/freshwater-sponges/

http://dnr.wi.gov/wnrmag/html/stories/2006/aug06/sponge.htm#1

http://winvertebrates.uwsp.edu/bertolami_361_2012.html

The Discovery Center Celebrates National Moth Week

Every summer people around the nation wait for a unique week-long event to escape their daily routines, and slip into the night with high spirits and flashlights in hand.  National Moth Week takes place annually during the last full week of July; it is an event that transforms participants into a citizen scientists as organizations partner up to collect valuable data about moths around the country.

(Diurnal moths in the Discovery Center's garden.)

Moth Week figuratively, and at some supporting events literally, puts a well-deserved spotlight on moths. Moth species outnumber butterfly species fifteen to one and just like their colorful cousins, they come in all kinds of shapes and sizes with spectacular displays of coloration and camouflage.  

There are over 11,000 species of moths here in the United States.  Most are nocturnal and attracted to light, so finding the moths should be a fairly easy task.  The simplest way to lure multiple species into one area is by turning on a big light on the side of your house and waiting for them to blanket the walls. 

Here at the Discovery Center we turned on our lights and watched our flower garden during National Moth Week.  You can see a few of the beautiful nocturnal and diurnal moths that visited us.

 (Nocturnal moths found at the Discovery Center)

                                                     

Pictures by Peter Rebholz

A Gold Bug in Our Midst

The Goldsmith Beetle (Cotallpa lanigera), a member of the scarab family, are found in deciduous forests, woodlands, and fields near woodlands. We were lucky enough to find a beautiful male beetle outside of the lodge at the North Lakeland Discovery Center on the evening of July 16, 2013 and a female on the evening of July 17, 2013 at the gas station near Vance Lake in Manitowish Waters.

They are a relatively large (an inch in length!), heavy, gold metallic beetle with metallic green feet. Their bottom side is covered with dense, white wool-like hairs. They are considered uncommon, but not threatened or endangered.

Goldsmith beetles emerge between May and July to breed. After a gestation period of 6 months within her body, females lay a small number of eggs relative to other beetles in their family near tree roots or rotting logs which serve as a food source for their larvae. The first 1-2 years of their lives as larvae are spent underground, burrowing through the soil surrounding the roots of trees. The white larvae help aerate the soil and are important in the decay of dead logs. After they pupate, they emerge from the soil as adults. Adults feed primarily on willow and poplar; and occasionally on oak, hickory, and pear foliage. They are most active at night, flying from tree to tree to feed. They form ‘tents’ out of leaves during the day, holding onto the opposite sides of leaves to create shade. Goldsmith beetles produce sounds using ridged organs on their legs to communicate. Their predators include blue jays and purple martins. Adults hibernated during the winter about 15 inches below ground.

After admiring our gold beetle friends, we released them into the trees by the lakes. When you visit the Discovery Center, keep your eyes open for a glint of gold!  

--Photos by Courtney Davis, Environmental Education Intern 2013

Excerpt from: The Gold Bug by Edgar Allan Poe, 1843.

He (sic William Legrand) had found an unknown bivalve, forming a new genus, and, more than this, he had hunted down and secured, with Jupiter's assistance, a scarabaeus which he believed to be totally new, but in respect to which he wished to have my opinion on the morrow. "And why not to-night?" I asked, rubbing my hands over the blaze, and wishing the whole tribe of scarabaei at the devil.

…”It is the loveliest thing in creation!... It is of a brilliant gold color — about the size of a large hickory-nut — with two jet black spots near one extremity of the back, and another, somewhat longer, at the other. The antennae are —… The color… You never saw a more brilliant metallic lustre than the scales emit…”  

"Dey aint no tin in him, Massa Will, I keep a tellin on you," here interrupted Jupiter; "de bug is a goole bug, solid, ebery bit of him, inside and all, sep him wing — neber feel half so hebby a bug in my life."…

"Well!" I said, after contemplating it for some minutes, "this is a strange scarabaeus, I must confess: new to me: never saw anything like it before — unless it was a skull, or a death's-head — which it more nearly resembles than anything else that has come under my observation."

It was a beautiful scarabaeus, and, at that time, unknown to naturalists — of course a great prize in a scientific point of view. There were two round, black spots near one extremity of the back, and a long one near the other. The scales were exceedingly hard and glossy, with all the appearance of burnished gold.